Abstract: In the middle and early Qing Dynasty, there were many itinerant empirics from Jianchang County, Jiangxi Province, who were mostly forced into this occupation by economic exigency. Thanks to convenient transportation and ancestral prescriptions, these individuals could make a living outside of Jianchang. Their medical behavior and special features of their everyday life reveals the multiple facets of the folk medical world. Because of their complex interpersonal relationships, notoriety for cheating others out of money, and especially their frequent travels, their peculiar way of life was considered a potential threat to the ruling order and it occasionally got them in trouble. The complexity and conflicts of the itinerant empirics reflected the contradiction between the common people’s struggle for survival and the offi cial prejudice against them.

摘要： 本文以雍正朝和嘉庆朝两起走方医案件为中心，利用档案中的诸多细节还原走方医迫于生计挟技逐利的日常医疗活动，彰显出清代民间医疗世界的多元面相。由于其流动的生活方式有悖于安土重迁的传统价值观，且常用欺骗性手段招揽生意，加之人际关系复杂，对统治秩序有潜在威胁，故常被视为莠民，时有被盘查甚至卷入官司的风险。这种官民博弈的内在冲突正是小民为求生存的艰难挣扎与官方对其流动为匪的疑惧之间张力的反映。