Abstract: The Manchurian sacrif icial rites of the Qing dynasty originated from Manchurian folk customs and religious beliefs. After Chongde became emperor, the sacrif icial rites began to diverge, and some parts of then drew closer to Han ritual. The Shunzhi dynasty inherited the cult system of the Ming dynasty, and the influence of the Manchurian sacrif icial rites, overall, showed a tendency to contract, but the ethnic character and equality of the Manchurian sacrif icial rites were not compatible with the Han rites that highlighted imperial supremacy. Manchurian folk customs and religious attributes that not consistent with the Han rituals could not be completely integrated into the Han“five rites”system. Thus, Qing rulers used Manchurian rituals as an important means to maintain their own national and cultural identity, resulting in the unique phenomenon that the Manchu and Han rituals were independent and compatible within each other in the national ritual system of the Qing dynasty.

摘要： 清代满洲祭礼发源于满洲民俗与宗教信仰，在崇德称帝后，开始出现分流，部分祭礼向汉制靠拢。顺治朝全盘继承明朝祭礼体系，满洲祭礼在总体上呈现收缩之势。满洲祭礼的全族性与平等性，无法像汉族祭礼那样彰显皇权至尊；其民俗与宗教属性，又与汉族祭礼不相容，无法彻底融入汉族的“五礼”体系，这决定了清朝统治者只能将其作为保持本民族特性与文化认同的重要手段，也造成清代国家礼制格局中满汉祭礼彼此独立而又并行不悖的独特现象。