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主管:教育部
主办:中国人民大学
ISSN 1002-8587  CN 11-2765/K
国家社科基金资助期刊

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    15 November 2010, Volume 0 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    National Identity:A New Angle on the Study of Qing History
    CHANG Jian-Hua
    2010, 0(4): 1-17. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )  
    In the study of the Qing Dynasty we must begin with the political principle of national survival. In order to maintain long-term control,the state must employ all means to obtain political legitimacy and have people identify with the nation. The state must transform people's passive identification into active identification. The Qing Dynasty Rulers were oriented toward continuing the Ming Dynasty and all previous dynasties emperor's domination. The Qing Dynasty rulers took Confucianism as the official ideology and by approving Confucianism,won the Han people's favorable impression in return for the Han people obeyed the Qing rule,and realized the national identity. This national identity was embodied in honoring Confucianism and changing existing habits and customs. Orthodox ideas especially those represented by the Temple of Ancient Monarchs in Qing Dynasty actually contained,or bred,a new concept of a multinational country and also implied a reinterpretation of universal national sentiments.
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    Liangjiang Governor and Jiangnan River Conservancy:The Transformation from Bureaucrats to Technocrats during the Eighteenth Century
    LIU Feng-Yun
    2010, 0(4): 18-30+39. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )  
    In the early Qing Dynasty,Ministry of Public Works was overall responsibility for river conservancy and the ministry delegated authority to the Director-general of the Grand Canal. By the eighteenth century with ever-increasing population pressure on the economic development of socity,the Qing government was more seriously concerned with matters related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. At that time the Governor General of Liangjiang ( Jiangsu,Jiangxi,and Anhui) was given the bureaucratic responsibility and power to administer river conservancy. In the process they realized that their value had improved and promptly made the transition to technocrats. This administrative change revealed the eighteenth-century social environment required talented bureaucrats and technical personnel and that social environment also provided a great stage for the transformation of administrative bureaucracy. Secondly,there were positive aspects of the changed bureaucratic system: the importance of the personal qualities of bureaucrats could not be ignored,and bureaucrats at all levels of government held the administrative lifelines of autocratic imperial authority within this complex bureaucracy at all levels of the state.
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    The Limin System and the Appointments of Manchu and Han Officers under Xinjiang Military Administration
    HUA Li
    2010, 0(4): 31-39. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )  
    This article focuses on administrative system and characteristics of Xinjiang before the founding of the province. According to the author,because of the unique social environment in Xinjiang,the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang could not directly undertake simple and unified management. There was a need to divide the region and to share responsibility with other senior military and political officials. Under the Limin system (migration into Xinjiang from China proper),counties were established earlier East of Tianshan Mountains. However,in the North Tianshan Mountains,the change from the Limin associate magistrate to Fumin associate magistrate appeared before counties had yet to be established. Under Military Administration,the configuration of officials for Limin mostly followed the pattern of the banner staff as the principal seal-holding official and the Han staff as the assistant. These offices should follow the instructions of Urumqi Banner Commander-in-Chief and the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang,and were managed indirectly by the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. This was a unique pattern.
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    On "Nian Gengyao’s Appointment"
    Dong-Jian-Zhong
    2010, 0(4): 40-52. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (501KB) ( )  
    This article explores the origin of“Nian's Appointment”and analyzes later scholars' understanding of it. The author's view is that we should explain and define“Nian's Appointment”in its entirety. The Yongzheng Emperor's giving power over personnel appointments to Nian Gengyao was the necessary condition of Nian's Appointment. Nian's self-employment for private interest was the sufficient condition of Nian's Appointment. The end of Nian's Appointment was due to Emperor Yongzheng's re-emphasizing that“favor and authority completely comes from me”,which was a step toward the Qing emperors realizing a monopoly of power.
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    The Study of Mind-Nature and the Way of the Minister:Reflections on the Political Practice and Wang Chuanshan’s Interpretations of the Classics and Hostorical Commentaries
    XIE Mao-Song
    2010, 0(4): 53-69. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (652KB) ( )  
    This paper proposes that in Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism of Wang Chuanshan,mind-nature ( xinxing) was really closely connected to political operation and can be effectively used to explain the historical reality. The first part of the article examines this point through Wang's study of the Confucian classis and historical commentaries. First the author examines Du Sishu Daquan Shuo,Sishu Xunyi,Zhouyi Waizhuan and other works to explain the connections between mind-nature and political practice as reflected in will (志)、capacity (量)、and knowledge (识) and the concept of“the method of the broad and far-reaching mind”. Secondly the article discusses that the learning of mindnature as reflected in those political practitioners,namely“miniter”,and dicusses the“Way of the Minister”. Additionally,the article explores Wang Chuanshan's thought on the connection of the learning of mind-nature and the “Way of the Minister”in his classical studies and historical commentary,and the close correlation to his unforgettable political experience in South Ming dynasty during Yong Li period.
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    Practice of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s Religious Ideal of the "Little Paradise"-"Heaven on Earth" in China
    QIN Bao-Qi
    2010, 0(4): 70-77. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (354KB) ( )  
    The Christianity worshipped by Taiping Tianguo (Heavenly Kingdom of Peace) Movement had been considered heresy by Western missionaries. In the recent years,Chinese scholars have also dismissed this brand of Christianity as cult. In fact,the religious ideal-minor heaven,preached by Taiping Tianguo’s“heaven on earth”was no different from that of the“white sun world”,worshipped by the secret societies in Ming and Qing dynasties. Therefore,the Taiping Tianguo’s brand of Christianity should be considered as“secret Western religion”. The practice of such a religious ideal shows,the religious leader and his senior followers have indeed realized the extravagant lives comparable to that of the“heaven on earth”. However,the rank and file of the rebellion still endure the cruelty and suppression of the senior leaders.
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    Changes in the Rules of Law and Resources-The Analysis of Change in the Rules Focusing on the Rental Contract in Mongolian Baotou
    WANG Xu
    2010, 0(4): 78-94. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )  
    Agricultured land made pastoral area become agriculture-nomadism-band,which caused land govern right moving from Mongolian to immigrant by renting in Qing Dynasty. Producing and changing rules firmed resources circulate,thus new rules and old rules brought society variation in common. The effect of land renting rule to Mongolia area was outstanding for nation element,while it was not so clear in those rules' source area,namely Jiangnan area. This article tries to understand the effect of renting rule to society variation through edge society.
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