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15 February 2004, Volume 0 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Beyond the Bagu Training: Education and its Influence on Economy in Ming-Qing Ji angnan LI Bo-Zhong 2004, 0(1): 1-14.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1052KB) ( )   What role education played in pre_modern societies is an issue in dispute1The central theme of this case study is that the Bagu training, aiming at the civil examination and concentrating dexclusively on the Confucian classics, did not tell the whole story of education in Jiangnan (the Yangzi Delta) during the Ming and Qing times1The author analyses the forms and contents of both elite and popular education in Ming-Qing Jiangnan, The article focuses on the acquirement of ability of reading, writing and calculating, which was key to the commercial and industrial activities, for the young people in all social strata1Finally, the author concludes that education not only played an important role in economic growth, but also in the shaping of the Jiangnan Pattern of economic growth。 Related Articles | Metrics

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Debate over Population in the Shadow of Malthus’ Theory GAO Wang-Ling 2004, 0(1): 15-20+57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (296KB) ( )   In recent years, population has become one of the most attractive and controversial subjects, in which many famous scholars home and abroad participate. The author believes he does not belong to any side and puts for ward some innovative viewpoints on Chinese population mechanism, t he population growth rate and the function of the population in Qing China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Suzerain-vassal State Relationships in the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Shi-Ming 2004, 0(1): 21-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )   Research on t he suzerain-vassal state relationship in t he Qing dynasty has been t he subject of much attention in t he academic circles .This article examines t he origins , semiotics , and legal principles of t he suzerain-vassal state relationship in t he Qing dynasty.The author puts forward some innovative viewpoints Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of the Relationship between Bannermen and Commoners: A Case Study of the Statute "Criminals Exempted from Banishment LIN Qian 2004, 0(1): 39-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (666KB) ( )   This paper examines the establishment and changes in the statute on “criminals exempted from banishment”in the Qing dynasty.In particular , the authors examines the problems exposed in adjudication of cases , and reveals meaning of the legal relationship between two principle parts in law : bannermen and common people and the significance of the adjusts of t his law. Related Articles | Metrics

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Magistrates’ Legal Remedies as Seen from Cases about Adopting an Heir Inheritor in Qing Period Lv Kuan-Qing 2004, 0(1): 51-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (487KB) ( )   Through an assessment of a large number of legal cases involving adoptions of an heir, the author finds that magistrates cleverly wielded their administrative authority to intercede in the adjudication of legal cases in Qing period .They possessed full freedom of jurisdiction on cases and could provide judicial remedies according to individual circumstances and traditional ethics of the Confucianism, in order to realize the maximum social justice .Thus not only safeguarded legally protected traditional ethics and the essential beliefs of the people, but also safeguarded the rights and interests of t he individual to certain extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Renewed Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Britain and China and Legal Reform in the late Qing CHEN Ya-Ping 2004, 0(1): 58-65.  Abstract ( )   PDF (561KB) ( )   It has widely been believed that imperialism forced the Qing government to revise its laws , influenced by the Renewed Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Britain and China , which prescribed abandoning consular jurisdiction. In this author’s opinion , it was the Qing government that requested the negotiations to abandon consular jurisdiction. Revision of the law in the late Qing was an inevitable choice , and did not embody the will of the imperialism. According to the author , the decision to revise the law was not effected by The Renewed Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Britain and China , and the article abandoning consular jurisdiction should not be considered a turning point as we have believed in the past. Related Articles | Metrics

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Beiwudu Town in Henan in the Qing Dynasty:A Review of Stele Data of Shanxi-Shaanxi Clan Associations XU Tan 2004, 0(1): 66-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   Beiwudu Town was one of t he most famous commercial towns in Henan province in t he Qing Dynasty.The commerce of t his town centered on t he collection and distribution of grain , vegetable oil , and ot her local agricultural products and t he transshipment of paper , sugar and sundry goods from southern China.Although the town’s hinterland was limited , as t he water-land transfer point between t he two large commercial towns of Zhoukou and Seqi , its commercial influence extended to several provinces , such as Shaanxi , Shanxi , Jiangxu , Hunan , and Guangdong , and ot her areas .At the peak of its develop during middle Qing t here were about four or five hundred trade establishments and shops in Beiwudu. Related Articles | Metrics

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Agricultural Reclamation Policy and Environmental Change in Northwest China in the Qing Dynasty ZHAO Zhen 2004, 0(1): 76-83.  Abstract ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )   Northwest China , including Shaanxi , Gansu , Qinghai , Ningxia , and a portion of Inner Mongolian , was and that had been exploited agriculturally for many centuries , It was also an area wit h a fragile environment.On t he one hand ,reclamation and cultivation policy that were implemented and adopted at various levels of administration promoted economic development , On the other hand , these policies caused imbalances in t he environment : dramatic desertification , water and soil erosion , and increased production..The economy fell into poverty again and a vicious circle was formed between economy and environment.Then t his negative impact was not fully realized at the time and it should served as a lesson for contemporary development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of the System of Interest Bearing Silver and its Nationwide Practice in the Army during the Yongzheng Period ZHANG Jian-Hui 2004, 0(1): 84-93.  Abstract ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )   This is t he author’s third in a series of articles discussing on t he system of interest bearing silver in t he Qing dynasty.Incorporating prior research t hat was mainly based on official Qing documents , t he aut hor compares t he system under Emperors Kangxi and Yongzheng.This article explores the both the rationale behind and content of the reform the system of interest bearing silver during the Yongzheng period and its basic policy and practice in the armies of Eight Banners and Green Standards. Related Articles | Metrics

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Financial Relationship Between Central and Local Governments in Late Qing : A Case Study of Foreign Debts MA Jin-Hua 2004, 0(1): 94-101.  Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Central government lost the control of the supervision on local finance in late Qing , and the financial power gradually devolved and fell into disarray , This situation characterized financial trends between central and local governments.Foreign debts accompanied and influenced the ebb and flow of power of central and local governments throughout the late Qing , and made financial relationships much more complex. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Commodity Circulation and Price Change of the Rucheng County , Hunan Province During the late Qing and the Republic Period TIAN Jiong-Quan 2004, 0(1): 102-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (363KB) ( )   Based on the local gazette , this paper discusses the development of the local markets and the commodity circulation of Rucheng County and analyzes the price change during late Qing and the Republic.The author affirms that the rise of price was mainly due to the growth of local agricultural productivity , the increase of the purchasing power and the expansion of economy. Related Articles | Metrics