Studies in Qing History

Jesuit Medicine in the Kangxi Court ( 1662—1722) : Imperial Networks and Patronage

Beatriz Puente-Ballesteros

2014, 0(1): 1-27.

Abstract ( )

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This article investigates how “Jesuit medicine”and “Jesuit medical practices”under the Kangxi
Emperor's ( r． 1662—1722) patronage of Western Learning functioned within a wider context of multi-
ethnic medical practices． Missionaries at the court in general，and those specia lized in medicine in
particular，became medical interlocutors of European medicine to China and of Chinese medicine to
Europe． Practicing medicine in the service of the Kangxi Emperor provided them with an opportunity for
personal and even intimate access to the Emperor and his environment． Manchu and Chinese Medical
Palace Memorials，the main type of primary sources used for this study，bear witness to the transmission
of Jesuit medicine and practice to the Kangxi court． By highlighting the private and confidential nature of
these documents and the factional court politics they reflect，it is shown how medicine became one of the
fields of Western Learning that was systematically patronized by the Emperor． In addition，this article
identifies a number of important actors belonging to a wide network of imperial power and privilege．
Power and privilege are especially manifest in cases of the health problems of important officials，officers，
and members of the imperial family when the Kangxi Emperor took a personal interest in their illnesses，
sometimes even distributing Jesuit medical drugs to them．

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Ｒesearch on the Portuguese Tribute of a Lion to Emperor Kangxi in 1678

HE Xinhua

2014, 0(1): 28-36.

Abstract ( )

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In an effort to get the Qing court to lift the ban on trade at Macao the Portuguese sent a mission to
present a lion as imperial tribute． At that time the Chinese literati and officials warmly praised the
Portugal present of a lion and raised the political significance of the gift of the lion． But as time went on，
the incident gradually blurred，the Qing Wen literati began，following traditional cultural imagination，to
reconstruct the incident． In later Qing literary accounts，the historical fact of the gift of the lion
unexpectedly turned into a legend． After layers of anecdotes that distorted the truth，and the truth of the
matter was eventually lost in the mists of history．

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Research on the Mound and Rock Pile in Black Ｒock Gully
———the Boundary Between Qing China and Chosoˇn Korea Demarcated in 1712

LI Huazi

2014, 0(1): 37-52.

Abstract ( )

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Making using of the historical documents and maps，plus the author's own field investigation，this
article explores the remains of the piled rock markers built to demarcate Mukden in 1712． The evidence
verifies the lengths of line of the mound and rock pile at the south bank of Black Ｒock Gully were 23
kilometers and the gully 24 kilometers． The article affirms that Black Ｒock Gully was dry，without water
flowing into Songhua Ｒiver． The gully was not a branch of Songhua Ｒiver． The line of mound and rock
pile extending 90 li ( 45 km) was articulated during a boundary-survey in the Guangxu reign that referred
to the forged confession by Xuliang in the Kangxi Ｒeign． This deception was meant to create a false
appearance of the linkage of Black Ｒock Gully and the headwaters of Songhua Ｒiver，because this was the
pretext for the theory that the Tumen and Douman Ｒivers were the boundaries．

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A Study based on Spontaneous Migration Policy in the Mid-Qing Dynasty

WANG Yuesheng

2014, 0(1): 53-67.

Abstract ( )

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In the mid-Qing Dynasty，the free migration of people in search of new livelihoods was very
common． The government policy varied geographically． In the Northeast and Taiwan the government
controlled access but did not issue an outright ban on migration． For example，it allowed mainlanders
fleeing famine to move elsewhere． In response to a variety of circumstances settlers move to the Northeast
and settled down there． Those had lived in Taiwan for long periods of time were given the right to settle
and allowed to relocate dependents from the mainland． In the southern mountain regions，the government
allowed shed people ( hut dwellers) to settle． Of course，for security and other considerations officials
wanted to integrate shed people into the baojia management systems and those who were long term
residents were given the right to register their households． As for Sichuan，the Qing court had a special
policy for the people who migrated to reclaim land． In addition，Hubei and western Hunan，allowed the
people to migrate following the example of Sichuan． These policies largely alleviated the pressure on the
mainland people's livelihood．

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Studies on Demographic Statistics of Sichuan in Qing Dynasty:Based on Figures in Provincial Gazetteers

ZHANG Xinmin

2014, 0(1): 68-81.

Abstract ( )

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By use of local gazetteers，Fu-I Quan Shu ( The Complete Books of Taxes and Corvee Labor) ，and the
Grand Secretariat archives，this paper clarifies the sources of Sichuan population figures in provincial
gazetteer with three editions，and reveals that household plays an important role in the system of
demographic statistics． The study also interprets different terminologies of household and provides a
classification．

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Nourish People: The Colossal Tsunami in 1732 andQing Government's Performance

CHEN Yaping

2014, 0(1): 82-92.

Abstract ( )

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In 1732，a colossal tsunami swept the coastal areas of the Yangzi Delta． The disaster generated huge
negative impact on the economic and social life of the local people，and consequently threatened the
social security and stability of the Qing government's revenue center． The government mobilized officials
at all levels to fully engage in the disaster relief． While leading the relief campaign，the government
exhibited impressive capability to cope with the destructive disaster and implement relief measures by
properly utilizing the interregional law of food supply and demand to timely regulate grain supply so that
food prices could be stabilized in the disaster-stricken areas． The government performance in the disaster
relief indicates that governmental effort is the primary resource of the post-disaster relief during the first
half of the 18th century，and that such long-term and large-scale grain supply regulation can only be
achieved through effective organization of a powerful central government and local governments .

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Aojia and Chuanjia: A Survey of the Surveillance of Fishing Vesselsand its Corresponding Administrative Concepts in the Qing Dynasty

YANG Peina

2014, 0(1): 93-103.

Abstract ( )

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This paper examines the surveillance of fishing vessels in the Qing Dynasty by focusing on the coastal
region of South China， and discusses the concept of maritime administration． After the “Coastal
Clearance”policy was ended in 1684，fishermen were viewed as the main potential menace to the coastal
public security． In order to control fishermen，a highly mobile group，the Qing officials took advantage of
the vital role that fishing vessels played in fishermen's livelihood to develop an administrative regime． The
officials tried to register and check the vessels by organizing them into administration units in the places
where they were built，repaired，berthed and supplied instead of trying to control the people who lived on
the vessel who were difficult to track． There were two main categories of such administrative units． One
was Aojia，which aimed at registering households by inlet; and another one was Chuanjia，which aimed
at registering vessel in teams． Consequently，the government could restrict the scope of fishermen's
activities at sea on the basis of administration at land． This regulatory regime formed in the Kangxi reign
and Yongzheng reign and was based on the experience in Fujian Province． The practice spread until it
became a well-established policy resource which was constantly cited by officials in the later ages．

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Naoxian and the Regulation of County-level Units in Shanxi in the Yongzheng Ｒeign:A Case Study of the Division of Linjin County

CHENG Sen

2014, 0(1): 104-117.

Abstract ( )

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This paper reviews the reason，process and the result of the division of Linjin and Yuxiang Counties
of Shanxi in the Yongzheng Ｒeign． The initiative to divide the county was the result of the particular
political situation in Puzhou Prefecture，including incident of popular resistance to taxes，that lead to a
popular naoxian ( demonstration against the county administration) in the Yongzheng Ｒeign which，in
turn，produce a proposal to divide the county in two． The intention of this action was meant to increase
the strength of local social control rather than the outgrowth of any local developments． The repeated
naoxian resulting from the proposal to divide the county administration lead to repeated naoxian by the
people of Linjin and Yuxiang that revealed the various and multiple contradictions among the people
including educational quota，land reclamation，and corvee labor． Actually，dividing the county seemed
unplanned but the action had an intrinsic logic given the long development of the local history． The case
of Linjin and Yuxiang Counties also shows that the intervention of political power in the adjustment of
administrative in traditional China was“rigid”and could obliterate the voice of the grass roots of society．
Furthermore，the process and political factors that “filled ” the geographical space was coercive and
resolute，not flat and flexible，especially when facing large scale local political disorder．

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Population Records of a Border Hamlet: Case Study of Chasuqi Village

Uranˇceˇceg

2014, 0(1): 118-127.

Abstract ( )

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This essay uses the Manchu Archives of the Guihua，Tumed Vice Commander-in-chief Yamen to
analyze the Mongolian population of Chasuqi Village，its size，structure，marriage and birth conditions，
in order to explore the foundations of the family，the grass-roots management of troops，the language，
customs and other social features．

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The Qing Army's Construction of Cities on the Northern Front in Kangxi and Yongzheng Eras

YANG Chunjun

2014, 0(1): 128-137.

Abstract ( )

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Bannermen's Participation in Late Qing Provincial Assemblies

LV Bailiang

2014, 0(1): 138-149.

Abstract ( )

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A Book Review of What Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in 19th Century China by Tobie Meyer-Fong

ZHANG Xiaochuan

2014, 0(1): 150-156.

Abstract ( )

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